Castle Mountain Phase 2

Long-life low-cost gold mine in California

Permitting and front-end engineering are advancing for Castle Mountain Phase 2, with permits expected around mid-2027.

Snapshot

Ownership

100%

Location

California, USA

Production estimate1

~200,000 oz/year

Cost estimate2

Reserves

4,105 Koz @ 0.52 g/t gold

M&I Resources3

1,470 Koz @ 0.62 g/t gold

Mining and processing

Open-pit / small mill / heap leach

Phase 2 mine life

14 years plus residual leaching

1. Based on the 2020 feasibility study. See Cautionary Notes.
2. Costs will be updated closer to the project commencing production. See Cautionary Notes.
3. M&I Mineral Resources are exclusive of Mineral Reserves. See Operations / Reserves & Resources and Cautionary Notes.

Overview

In March 2021, Equinox Gold released the results of a feasibility study for Castle Mountain Phase 2, which is expected to increase production to an average of 218,000 ounces per year for 14 years followed by leach pad residual leaching to recover additional gold. On a standalone basis, Phase 2 is expected to produce 3.2 million ounces of gold with AISC in the lower third of global gold mining costs.

The project was developed in a phased ramp-up scenario, starting with heap leaching of stockpile material (Phase 1) using existing operating permits. Phase 1 operated from November 2020 through to August 2024, when operations were suspended for the duration of Phase 2 permitting. Front-end engineering and other optimization work is underway for Phase 2 so that the Company is well prepared to commence construction when permits are issued.

Phase 2 Highlights

The information below is based on economic, engineering and other information available at the time of publishing the March 2021 feasibility study using the base case gold price of $1,500/oz and an upside scenario of $1,800/oz gold, which was the prevailing spot price at the time. Equinox Gold will update this information as part of engineering, optimization studies and economic reviews before making a construction decision.

  • After-tax NPV5% of $640 million at $1,500/oz gold ($1.1 billion at $1,800/oz gold)
  • After-tax IRR of 18% at $1,500/oz gold (25% at $1,800/oz gold)
  • $1.3 billion after-tax cumulative net cash flow at $1,500/oz gold ($2.0 billion at $1,800/oz gold)
    • $114.1 million average annual after-tax net cash flow at $1,500/oz gold ($161.8 million at $1,800/oz gold)
  • <$950/oz average AISC
  • 218,000 oz average annual gold production (Phase 2 life of mine)
  • 3.2 million oz total gold production at an overall average recovery of 82%
    • 1.1 million oz produced from the mill at an average recovery of 94%
    • 2.1 million oz produced from the heap leach at an average recovery of 67% (74% after final rinsing)
  • $389 million initial capital costs, excluding $121 million leased mining fleet.
    • $510 million if the fleet is purchased up front; NPV5% and IRR assume fleet is purchased up front.
  • $147 million sustaining capital costs over the Phase 2 mine life
  • 14-year Phase 2 mine life with expansion potential from exploration, plus two to three years of residual leaching and final rinsing

Using economic data available in March 2021, initial capital costs were estimated at $389 million, excluding the mining fleet which is expected to be leased. Sustaining capital for Phase 2 was estimated at $147 million.

Phase 2 will operate within the current approved Mine Permit boundary and existing Phase 1 site infrastructure will be incorporated into the expansion, including administration buildings, haul roads, solution handling pumps and storage tanks, a carbon-in-column (CIC) cyanide receiving and storage area, a heap leach pad and event pond, a diesel power generation plant and an assay and metallurgical laboratory.

The Phase 2 heap leach facility will consist of an enlarged heap leach pad, an additional event pond, additional larger solution handling pumps and an additional CIC plant. The new CIL plant will consist of a two-stage crushing facility, conveyors, ball mill circuit, gravity concentration, leach and CIL tanks, thickeners, tailings filters and a reagent handling area. Loaded carbon will be processed in a desorption, electrowinning and refinery plant. Additional infrastructure for Phase 2 will include water supply wells, pumps and distribution systems, installation of an electrical transmission line along a previous corridor, an electrical substation, a filtered tailings storage facility, an extension of two waste rock dumps, a truck shop, and various site improvements and upgrades to meet the expanded project needs.

Leached slurry from the CIL circuit will report to a cyanide recovery thickener to recycle as much water and cyanide as possible back to the process. Flocculant will be added to aid in settling solids to produce a thickened product that will be treated in a cyanide destruction process. The final tailings will be pressure filtered and the filtered tailings will be hauled and stacked on the historical heap leach facility and abutted to the expanded heap leach facility, which allows the Company to minimize new land disturbances.

Permitting and Timeline

While Phase 2 is expected to operate within the existing approved mine boundary, the changes to previously analyzed effects, such as increased land disturbance within the mine boundary and increased water use, require modification to the Company’s approved Mine and Reclamation Plan (“Plan”) for the project. The Plan amendment application was submitted to the lead agencies (San Bernardino County and U.S. Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”)) in March 2022. The Company received the BLM’s Plan completeness determination in Q1 2024. During Q2 2024, the project lead agencies and Equinox Gold awarded the project management for permitting and environmental analysis to SWCA Environmental Consultants. Later in 2024, the project lead agencies determined they must complete an Environmental Impact Statement (“EIS”) / Environmental Impact Report (“EIR”) to analyze the potential environmental effects of the Phase 2 project and in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), respectively.

The Company expects the lead agencies to publish a Notice of Intent in 2025, which commences the formal permitting review process. A Memorandum of Understanding among the project lead agencies to prepare the joint EIS/EIR has been approved and is expected to be signed by both agencies during H1 2025. The Company anticipates the EIS/EIR stage of formal environmental analysis to occur throughout 2025 and 2026, with receipt of permits targeted for mid-2027.

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